With the country mired in the depths of the Great Depression, Roosevelt immediately acted to restore public confidence, proclaiming a bank holiday and First lady Eleanor Roosevelt , wife of Franklin D.
Roosevelt , the U. The niece of President Theodore Roosevelt , Edith Roosevelt was an American first lady and the second wife of Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th president of the United States.
Childhood sweehearts, the two were separated for a number of years before resuming their romance and marrying, two years after the Harry S. Truman , the 33rd U. In the White House from to , Truman made the decision to use the atomic bomb against Japan, helped rebuild postwar Europe, worked to Thomas Jefferson , author of the Declaration of Independence and the third U.
Abraham Lincoln, a self-taught lawyer, legislator and vocal opponent of slavery, was elected 16th president of the United States in November , shortly before the outbreak of the Civil War. Lincoln proved to be a shrewd military strategist and a savvy leader: His Emancipation William McKinley served in the U. Congress and as governor of Ohio before running for the presidency in As a longtime champion of protective tariffs, the Republican McKinley ran on a platform of promoting American prosperity and won a landslide victory over Democrat It was the trial of the century.
Barnes was the plaintiff, Roosevelt the defendant. The charge was libel, The strikers were to receive a raise in pay 5 months later. Later Roosevelt said that he attempted to give the miners a "square deal. It was through his relations with the great powers of Europe that Roosevelt gave the American people a new understanding of their country's growing role in world affairs. Still more important was the fact that these relations caused Roosevelt to enunciate a policy that would come to be known as the "Roosevelt Corollary" to the Monroe Doctrine.
Roosevelt declared, "we cannot afford to let Europe get a foothold in our backyard, so we'll have to act as policemen for the West. Both Germany and Great Britain sent warships to force Venezuela to make payment.
Roosevelt was willing to see that Venezuela paid her debts, but he could not allow an American nation to be threatened. The enforcement of Roosevelt Corollary forced the warships to withdraw and permitted Roosevelt to act as arbitrator for the dispute.
Two weeks after taking office, President Roosevelt directed his cabinet to begin an intensive study of a canal that would link the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The canal was to be constructed somewhere in Central America. For years Roosevelt had believed a canal was necessary to American security as well as to the economic development of America. Throughout most of the 's Nicaragua was the chief center of efforts to build such a canal because a large lake was located in the center of the country.
In Congress authorized a Commission to survey possible canal routes. A Nicaraguan route was recommended but turned down. In , Congress gave Roosevelt permission to accept the French offer to purchase the rights to a canal through Panama, but only if Colombia would be willing to give the United States permanent use of the canal.
Agreement could not be reached between the Colombian legislature and the United States over financial remuneration. By prospects for a canal seemed especially dim. Then in November of that year Panamanian rebels, prodded by French and American offers of help, declared independence from Colombia.
Three days later the United States recognized the Republic of Panama and the dream of an isthmian canal became a reality. In , Roosevelt became the first president to travel outside of the United States while in office.
He journeyed to Panama to inspect the progress and even worked a steam shovel to dig part of the canal. The official opening of the canal occurred on August 15, , over five years after TR had left office. During his first administration Roosevelt made notable contributions to conservation.
He told congress that, "the forest and water problems are perhaps the most vital internal problems of the United States. Fifty-one bird sanctuaries were also established during his presidency.
Roosevelt won by the largest popular vote majority ever received by any presidential candidate. Friction between Russia and Japan had been escalating for decades. In it erupted into all-out war. Roosevelt watched the developments very closely, knowing that a continuation of the hostilities could jeopardize the balance of power in the Pacific and bring other nations into the conflict.
While speaking to John Hay, then Secretary of State, Roosevelt remarked, "It's bad enough that the Russians and Japanese are slaughtering each other, but we can't stand aside when a continuation of the war might involve every other major country. Afterward, the delegates sailed in separate ships to Portsmouth, New Hampshire to hammer out the treaty details.
TR remained at Sagamore Hill and stayed in touch with negotiations via the telephone. In , for his actions, Roosevelt became the first American president to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Although Roosevelt had helped end the war, not all involved were satisfied. Native Japanese and Japanese-Americans were unhappy with the outcome of the war. Resentment grew stronger when the San Francisco School Board decided to segregate children of Japanese descent.
Fearing the outcome of the segregation, Roosevelt acted to avert further strain by convincing the San Francisco School Board to end its segregation. A "Gentlemen's Agreement" with Japan followed. In essence, Roosevelt promised that the segregation would end if Japan agreed to severely limit emigration to the United States. The two nations also pledged not to seek future territorial gains in the Pacific. Theodore Roosevelt's second administration was also marked by political, social and industrial reforms.
In he demanded that Congress pass the Hepburn Railway Act in the hope that it would end railway rebates which had been putting competitive shippers out of business. Although the act did not end rebates, it was a step in the right direction. In , Upton Sinclair's The Jungle , a descriptive novel of unsanitary conditions in meatpacking houses, stirred Roosevelt to order an investigation of that industry.
The shocking report that he received moved him to threaten Congress. He warned congress that he would publish the report unless Congress took immediate action. Recalling the experiences of his term as Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Roosevelt felt it wise to create a strong Navy. In his pride in the Navy and his concern about the balance of power between nations prompted him to send a fleet of sixteen warships on a world tour.
The ships were painted white to symbolize peace, and eventually they became known as the "Great White Fleet. During his two terms as president, Roosevelt had a Republican Congress. For the most part the representatives were old-line conservatives who were not strongly in favor of Roosevelt's reformist ideas. However, because Roosevelt was a popular President with the people, they were often compelled to do as he wished.
In most cases TR got what he wanted. After his election in , Roosevelt had declared that "under no circumstances" would he run for President in a statement he later regretted. Roosevelt's statement gave conservative Republicans further incentive to resist Roosevelt's progressive policies. Roosevelt was undaunted. He fought even harder for his reforms, but received little congressional support. In Roosevelt selected William Howard Taft to be his successor.
He believed Taft would continue his reform policies. During the years following the presidency, Roosevelt returned to his childhood passion for natural history. Also called trusts, these monopolies controlled the railroad, beef, oil, and other industries. Trusts had become so powerful that people were suffering from high prices, low wages, and poor working conditions. For instance, if a company is the only company that sells beef, then that company can charge as much as they want and pay workers as little as they want.
Roosevelt became known as a "trustbuster" for breaking up these monopolies. He also made conservation a top priority during his administration. He created the United States Forest Service and established national forests, 51 federal bird reserves, four national game preserves, and five national parks during his time in office. Roosevelt was a problem solver when other countries had disagreements. In fact in , he became the first U.
He also continued to oversee construction of the Panama Canal, a waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans across Central America. Roosevelt served a second term, then left the White House in Help inform the discussion Support the Miller Center. University of Virginia Miller Center. Theodore Roosevelt: Impact and Legacy. Breadcrumb U. Theodore Roosevelt Essays Life in Brief. Life Before the Presidency.
Campaigns and Elections. Domestic Affairs. Foreign Affairs. Life After the Presidency. Family Life. The American Franchise.
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