Fundamentally the reactivity of many shales is determined by how the clay minerals they contain influence chemical and physical properties and our analyses can help you understand the behaviour of your shales in the subsurface. Where shale gas is the interest, desirable physical properties such as brittleness can also be related to mineralogical compositions. As shown in the image above, we can also use techniques such a Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM to view the micro-structure of shales.
The maturity of shales degree of diagenesis is also a factor that influences brittleness and fracturability, since crystal growth processes, particularly of clay minerals result in coarsening of particle size and resultant changes in texture. Hillier, S. Clays and Minerals. Actively scan device characteristics for identification. Use precise geolocation data. Select personalised content.
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Facebook Facebook Twitter Twitter. Updated August 02, Key Takeaways: Shale Shale is the most common sedimentary rock, accounting for about 70 percent of the rock in the Earth's crust. Shale is a fine-grained rock made from compacted mud and clay. The defining characteristic of shale is its ability to break into layers or fissility. Black and gray shale are common, but the rock can occur in any color. Shale is commercially important.
It is used to make brick, pottery, tile, and Portland cement. Natural gas and petroleum may be extracted from oil shale. It is made of compressed mud--that is, a mixture of clay and silt fine particles of mineral matter. Shale is used in making bricks. Limestone, another common sedimentary rock, is made chiefly of the mineral calcite.
Limestone is used for building, for making chalk, and for various other purposes. Cement is made of limestone with a little shale mixed in. Sandstone, made of sand, and conglomerate, composed of sand or gravel particles, are also commonly used for building. The sand or gravel particles in sandstone and conglomerate are held together by a mineral cement. Coal, which consists entirely of compressed plant remains, is a major source of fuel.
Most sedimentary rock starts forming when grains of clay, silt, or sand settle in river valleys or on the bottoms of lakes and oceans. Year after year, these minerals collect and form broad, flat layers called beds or strata.
The layers, which differ from one another in composition or texture, distinguish sedimentary from most igneous and metamorphic rock. After thousands of years, the beds of fine silt and clay are squeezed into compact rock layers by the weight of other layers above them. Water that trickles slowly through layers of coarse sand and gravel, deposits mineral cement around these particles, cementing the layers together to form rock.
Where the earth's crust is deformed or eroded, large areas of buried sedimentary rock may be exposed. Most fossils are found in sedimentary rock. The fossils formed when sediments covered dead plants and animals.
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